Exam in Text-format

What do you think is the reason for chromosomes to form within a cell?
a) to make it easier for a cell to make protein
b) there is no good reason
c) it makes it easier for the cell to divide genetic material
d) it keeps the DNA in good physical shape

What are chromosomes made of?
a) completely of small proteins
b) coils of DNA and small proteins
c) excess cytoplasm with RNA
d) small proteins and coils of RNA

When would a chromosome ‘appear’ within a cell’s lifespan?
a) during interphase
b) while a cell is dying
c) during mitosis or meiosis
d) chromosomes are always present within cells.

What is nondisjunction in meiosis?
a) when chromosomes do not replicate
b) when chromosomes fail to separate during cell division
c) a mutation that is caused by too many chromosome replicates
d) when chromosomes separate into too many cells

Let us imagine that the mice produced above have a genetic mutation that results in the certain death of all of the completely homozygous recessive babies. These babies who died would look like (if they lived) Hint- write out the genotype! :
a) Huge ears, no tail
b) Tiny ears, long tail
c) Medium-sized ears, no tail
d) tiny ears, no tail

An autosome is a: a) sex chromosome b) an individual allele c) any non-sex chromosome d) cell dividing by meiosis

Diploid is to somatic cell as haploid is to .
a) nucleus b) gamete c) skin cell d) mitosis

Ribosomes help cells to (choose one):
a) synthesize proteins b) synthesize DNA c) synthesize RNA d) form chromosomes

DNA is to thymine as RNA is to
_.
a) guanine b) protein c) cytosine d) uracil

Draw the stages of mitosis of a cell- ( 2n = 4)below; there are four (do not include interphase)

1. 2.








3. 4.









Meiosis and Mitosis are two different processes that do similar things. Name two things about mitosis and meiosis that are similar, and name two differences. Be sure you EXPLAIN each of your choices.


At the end of meiosis, the final result is haploid cells, or gametes (sex cells). At the end of mitosis, the final result is a number of genetically identical “daughter” – diploid cells. Why is it important that meiotic division results in haploid cells? Explain your thinking please!





Connect each purine or pyrimidine on the left with their corresponding molecule, on the right.


Adenine Adenine

Guanine Guanine

Cytosine Cytosine

Thymine Thymine

Chose and label at least two different parts of this molecule of DNA (Picture of BLANK MOLECULE!)


Name the four nucleotide bases of DNA below:

1.

2.

3.

4.



What was the purpose of both the soap and the isopropanol in the strawberry DNA lab? More specifically, what did it do to the cells, and why was it important? Explain your reasoning.




Why was it essential in the above lab that we “broke” apart the nucleus? Explain.

Imagine for a moment, that you are a genetic engineer, visiting Ethiopian farmers. Most of these farmers live off of the land; there are no grocery stores here. They have just been through the most intense drought that you have ever seen, new seedlings just wilt and die, millions are starving. You realize that as a genetic engineer, there is a way that you can help these people- and many others throughout Africa- with your ability and resources to modify crops. Write a paragraph about how you think you could go about helping these people, and could be a result of your modifications- both the plant and the people- be?